Surgical Oncology: What Does a Surgical Oncologist Do and What Cancers Do They Treat?

What Is a Surgical Oncologist?

A surgical oncologist is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating cancer through surgery. They are trained to remove tumors, perform biopsies, assess cancer stages, and carry out complex operations that may involve removing or reconstructing organs and tissues affected by cancer.

These specialists work closely with other oncology professionals to develop and carry out a coordinated treatment plan, particularly for solid tumors that require surgical intervention.

What Does a Surgical Oncologist Do?

Surgical oncologists have diverse responsibilities, including:

• Diagnosis: Performing biopsies or excising tumors to determine if cancer is present.

• Staging: Determining how advanced the cancer is by examining lymph nodes or surrounding tissues.

• Tumor Removal: Surgically extracting cancerous tissues, often with the goal of complete removal.

• Reconstructive Surgery: Repairing or rebuilding body parts affected by cancer surgery.

• Palliative Surgery: Alleviating symptoms like pain, blockages, or bleeding in advanced stages.

They also manage preoperative and postoperative care, including infection control, pain management, and monitoring for recurrence.

When Is Surgical Oncology Recommended?

Surgery is often considered in cancer care when:

• The tumor is localized and can be fully or partially removed.

• The cancer hasn't spread extensively to other organs.

• Biopsy or staging is needed to determine treatment.

• Surgery can enhance the effectiveness of other treatments like chemotherapy or radiation.

• Palliative relief is needed to improve comfort and quality of life in advanced cancer stages.

Not all cancers require surgery, but for many solid tumors, it is a key part of the treatment plan.

Types of Cancers Treated by Surgical Oncologists

Surgical oncologists treat a wide range of cancers. Below are some of the most common:

1. Breast Cancer

• Procedures: Lumpectomy, mastectomy, and sentinel lymph node biopsies.

• Goal: Remove tumors while preserving breast tissue or offering reconstructive options.

2. Colorectal Cancer

• Procedures: Colectomy (removal of part or all of the colon), rectal resection.

• Goal: Eliminate cancer and restore normal bowel function.

3. Skin Cancer (Including Melanoma)

• Procedures: Excision of cancerous skin lesions, lymph node biopsies.

• Goal: Completely remove the affected tissue and monitor for spread.

4. Thyroid and Parathyroid Cancer

• Procedures: Partial or total thyroidectomy, lymph node dissection.

• Goal: Remove cancerous glands while preserving hormone function if possible.

5. Pancreatic and Liver Cancer

• Procedures: Whipple procedure, partial hepatectomy.

• Goal: Remove tumors in these high-risk organs while minimizing complications.

6. Esophageal and Stomach Cancer

• Procedures: Esophagectomy, gastrectomy.

• Goal: Remove cancerous portions of the digestive tract and reconfigure for digestion.

7. Gynecologic Cancers

• Procedures: Hysterectomy, ovarian tumor removal, debulking surgery.

• Goal: Remove cancerous tissue while preserving reproductive or hormonal function when possible.

8. Sarcomas

• Procedures: Excision of soft tissue or bone tumors, sometimes requiring limb-sparing techniques.

• Goal: Remove the tumor while maintaining mobility and function.

5. Collaborating With a Surgical Oncologist

Surgical oncologists work closely with a multidisciplinary team to deliver personalized cancer care. This team often includes medical oncologists who manage chemotherapy and systemic therapies, radiation oncologists who handle radiation treatment, pathologists who confirm cancer type and staging, and rehabilitation specialists who help restore physical function post-surgery. Patients typically meet their surgical oncologist early in their treatment journey, with ongoing follow-up care to monitor for recurrence and address recovery needs. At Surgical Associates of Southern Texas, collaboration across specialties ensures patients receive seamless, well-coordinated cancer care from diagnosis through recovery.

6. How Surgical Associates of Southern Texas Can Help

At Surgical Associates of Southern Texas, patients benefit from expert surgical oncologists who specialize in diagnosing and treating various types of cancer through surgery. The team uses advanced techniques and evidence-based approaches to remove tumors, minimize complications, and enhance recovery. From the first consultation to post-operative follow-up, patients receive compassionate care tailored to their condition and overall health. With a strong focus on collaboration, innovation, and patient education, Surgical Associates of Southern Texas serves as a trusted partner throughout the cancer treatment process—helping patients navigate their journey with confidence and support.

Final Thoughts

Surgical oncologists bring specialized skill and precision to cancer treatment. Their role is crucial in both diagnosing and removing cancer, improving survival rates, and enhancing quality of life. If you or a loved one is navigating a cancer diagnosis, consulting with a surgical oncologist can clarify your options and provide a clearer path forward.

Disclaimer
This blog is intended for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. If you have symptoms or concerns related to cancer or are considering surgery, please consult a licensed healthcare provider or surgical oncologist for a personalized evaluation and treatment plan.

References

1. American College of Surgeons. Surgical Patient Education: Operations and Procedures. facs.org.
2. National Cancer Institute. A to Z List of Cancer Types. cancer.gov.
3. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Guidelines for Patients. nccn.org.